航权一般可译为“traffic rights”，正式可译为“freedoms of the air”。据维基百科介绍，航权是指国际民航航空运输中的过境权利和运输业务的相关权利。在不同的两个国家交换与协商这些权利时，一般采取对等原则，有时候某一国会提出较高的交换条件或收取补偿费以适当保护该国航空企业的权益。航权来源于1944年在芝加哥签署的《芝加哥协定》，该协定草拟有关两国间协商航空运输条款蓝本，有关条款一直沿用至今。具体分为九种，如下所示：

First Freedom of the Air - the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State or States to fly across its territory without landing (also known as a First Freedom Right).

第一航权：在不着陆的情况下，容许本国航机在协议国领空上飞过，前往其他目的地国家（也称为“领空飞越权”）。

Second Freedom of the Air - the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State or States to land in its territory for non-traffic purposes (also known as a Second Freedom Right).

第二航权：容许本国航机因技术需要（如添加燃料、飞机故障或气象原因备降）在协议国降落、经停，但不得作任何业务性工作如上下客、货、邮（也称为“技术经停权”）。

Third Freedom of the Air - the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State to put down, in the territory of the first State, traffic coming from the home State of the carrier (also known as a Third Freedom Right).

第三航权：本国航机可在协议国国土卸载乘客、货物和邮件，但不能装载乘客或货物（也称为“目的地卸载权”）。

Fourth Freedom of the Air - the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State to take on, in the territory of the first State, traffic destined for the home State of the carrier (also known as a Fourth Freedom Right).

第四航权：本国航机可在协议国国土装载乘客、货物和邮件，但不能卸载乘客或货物（也称为“目的地装载权”）。

Fifth Freedom of the Air - the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State to put down and to take on, in the territory of the first State, traffic coming from or destined to a third State (also known as a Fifth Freedom Right).

第五航权：容许本国航机在前往乙国时，先以甲国作为中转站上下客货，再前往乙国；亦可在乙国上下客货再返回甲国（也称为“中间点权或延远权”）。

Sixth Freedom of the Air - the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, of transporting, via the home State of the carrier, traffic moving between two other States (also known as a Sixth Freedom Right).

第六航权：容许一国航机分别以两条航线，接载甲国和乙国乘客及货物往返，但途中必须经过本国（也称为“桥梁权”）。

Seventh Freedom of the Air - the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State, of transporting traffic between the territory of the granting State and any third State with no requirement to include on such operation any point in the territory of the recipient State, i.e. the service need not connect to or be an extension of any service to/from the home State of the carrier.

第七航权：容许本国航机在本国领域以外经营独立的航线，在境外接载乘客和货物，而不用飞返本国（也称为“完全第三国运输权”）。

Eighth Freedom of the Air - the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, of transporting cabotage traffic between two points in the territory of the granting State on a service which originates or terminates in the home country of the foreign carrier or (in connection with the so-called Seventh Freedom of the Air) outside the territory of the granting State (also known as a Eighth Freedom Right or “consecutive cabotage”).

第八航权：容许本国航机前往甲国境内的两个不同地方接载乘客、货物往返，但航机上的乘客货货物需以本国为起点或终点（也称为“境内运输权”或“连续国内载运权”）。

Ninth Freedom of the Air - the right of privilege of transporting cabotage traffic of the granting State on a service performed entirely within the territory of the granting State (also known as a Ninth Freedom Right or “stand alone” cabotage).

第九航权：本国航机可在协议国作国内航线运营（也称为“完全境内运输权”或“非连续国内载运权”）。

例句：

加强航空货运运力配置。充分发挥国际航空货运审批“绿色通道”作用，支持航空公司增开全货运航线航班、使用客机执行货运航班，并在航权、时刻方面给予倾斜。落实对国际货运航线的支持政策，鼓励航空企业尽快扩大货机运力规模，快速提升覆盖全球主要国家和地区的国际货运能力，缓解运力短缺矛盾。支持以货运为主的枢纽机场开放日间繁忙时段的货运航班时刻配置，全力推动航空公司复航或增加货运航班。

Strengthening air freight capacity allocation. All relevant parties shall maximize the role of “green channel” in international air freight approval, support airlines in increasing all-cargo routes and flights, use passenger airplanes to operate cargo flights, and give them priority in terms of traffic rights and flight time; shall implement the support policies for international freight routes, encourage aviation enterprises to expand the scale of transport capacity of air freighters, rapidly improve their international freight capacity covering major countries and regions around the globe, and ease the contradiction of shortage of traffic capacity; and shall support the setting of cargo flight schedules for daytime rush hours by hub airports that focus on cargo transport and make all-out efforts to advance airlines' resumption of the suspended flights or increase of cargo flights.

来源：

Wikipedia；

中国民用航空局官网；

北大法宝