reputed ownership 表见所有权；推定所有权

〈英〉英国最早将表见所有权规则引入破产法是在1623年的制定法中。该规则是指，如果某商人〔trader〕占有某项财产，而客观情形使得与该商人交易的人可以合理地推断其是该财产的所有人，则称该商人是该财产的表见所有权人〔apparent owner〕。虽然他并不是真正的所有权人，但在其破产时，只要真正的所有权人不反对，该财产仍可在其债权人之间进行分配。这一规则的适用有两项例外：１不适用于登记的买卖契约中包括的财产；２不适用于根据贸易习惯不能推定所有权的领域。表见所有权规则适用范围时有变动，1883年《破产法》〔Bankruptcy Act〕曾将之扩大适用于非商人，1914年《破产法》则仍限制适用于商人。在苏格兰古法中，该原则是指动产所有权可由对动产的占有而予推定。

The doctrine of reputed ownership embodied in section 52(2)(c), Presidency Act, and section 28(3), Provincial Act, applies only when an insolvent is not the true owner of the goods in his possession. It is highly immoral and inequitable that the true owner should lose his title to the goods merely because for some presumably good reason he allows his goods to remain in the possession of the insolvent. In the present economic conditions, the doctrine of reported ownership appears to be outmoded and should in our opinion be abolished. The doctrine is based on the assumption that the true owner of the goods, by allowing the goods to remain in the apparent ownership of the insolvent, enables the insolvent to obtain false credit. Credit is at present obtained through banks, and banks usually insist upon the pledge of goods or some other security before allowing credit.