请问外贸中的“lead time”是什么意思?它和delivery time含义一样吗?

请问外贸中的“lead time”是什么意思?它和delivery time含义一样吗?

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赞同楼上。

 

顺便补充一下。简单来说,lead time是指一个时间段,而delivery time是指一个时间点。

 

lead time是指前置时间,也就是总的制造时间,简称L/T,可以理解为“生产周期”或“研制周期”,包括加工时间和停滞时间,它主要包括:

①操作时间(包括机器操作时间,装配时间等)。

②设置时间。

③等候时间(等待加工的时间)。

④延误时间(机器发生问题)。

⑤等待时间(完成操作、等待运往下一操作的时间。

 

L/T一般以天数或小时计算,如Lead Time:60 calendar days/交货期:60个历日。

 

delivery time,简称D/T,指“交货时间”或“送货时间”或“交付时间”——交货到指定地点的时间,一般指交货日期,不等于装船日,是一个时间点,如:Delivery Time: 2015-11-25。Delivery是传送、投递、交付的意思。

 

需要注意的是:“交货时间”强调的是交货。同事,Delivery Time也可以理解为送货、派送的时间——就是单纯的送货或派送,并不强调交货(货物所有权和风险的转移)。

 

比如:订舱完毕,货代会给托运人一个送货通知(Delivery Notice),上面有Delivery Time——送货时间,这种情形下的Delivery Time并不强调“交货”,只是单纯地把货物送到指定地点准备装箱或装船而已——托运人把货送到指定地点并不意味着货物所有权和风险已经转移给买方或货代。

 

再顺便补充一下二者的英文释义,以加深理解。

 

Lead time

 

A lead time is the latency between the initiation and completion of a process.

 

For example, the lead time between the placement of an order and delivery of new cars by a given manufacturer might be between 2 weeks and 6 months, depending on various particularities. One business dictionary defines "manufacturing lead time" as the total time required to manufacture an item, including order preparation time, queue time, setup time, run time, move time, inspection time, and put-away time. For make-to-order products, it is the time between release[vague] of an order and the production and shipment that fulfill that order. For make-to-stock products, it is the time taken from the release of an order to production and receipt into finished goods inventory.

 

Delivery time

 

Delivery time is the length of time between the preparation of a product for shipping and the delivery of the product to the end consumer. It is also sometimes referred to as the delivery period. 

更多回答

外贸中的“lead time”指的是交付周期,即客户下单到交货的时间,交货时间以合同签订的贸易术语规定的风险和货物转移时间计。其一般英文释义如下:A lead time is the latency between the initiation and completion of a process. For example, the lead time between the placement of an order and delivery of new cars by a given manufacturer might be between 2 weeks and 6 months, depending on various particularities. 具体用于外贸中时,定义为the time when buyer place order to the time the finished products are ready(order fulfilled).


Delivery time 也指的是交货期,但两者并不完全相同。一般来说,两者主要的不同在于视角不同。一般lead time用于买方视角,而delivery time多用于卖方视角。


Lead time 通常为买方考量的订单履行的一般时间,通常来说是固定的,买方在下订单之前,需要考量订单的履行周期。

而Delivery time 是从卖方的角度来考虑的,在货物的实际备料、生产、质检、出货等一系列过程中,很有可能发生各种变动,因此,在delivery time并不总是固定的,有可能会被延长或缩短。


因此lead time常用于订单未成交前的贸易条件之一,供买方考量,时间相对固定,代表从下单到交货需要的周期,而 Delivery time 则通常偏向于订单达成之后,且根据实际情况变动,偏重某个时间点,到某天可以交货发运。


所以我们会发现一般报价单(Quotation)中常用lead time,而在采购订单、提单等订单确定之后的后续环节的文件中常用delivery time。

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