专利文件中的“Last-clear-chance doctrine”是什么意思?

专利文件中的“Last-clear-chance doctrine”是什么意思?

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“Last-clear-chance doctrine”侵权行为法中的一项原则,最后避损机会原则。


具体而言,它是指,即使原告存在与有过失〔contributory negligence它是指原告本身的疏忽,并且在其诉称的由于被告过错而导致的损害中,原告的过失亦构成致损原因的一部或全部。〕,但是如果被告有防止损害结果发生的最后机会而未尽合理注意义务,致使损害发生的,则原告仍得请求赔偿损失(换言之,若被告的过失行为迟于原告的过失行为,原告仍得向被告求偿)。The "last clear chance" rule (also known as the "last clear chance" doctrine) is a legal concept that was traditionally applied in certain personal injury cases where both the plaintiff and defendant shared some amount of fault for the accident giving rise to the case. In this article, we'll explain how the "last clear chance" rule works, and how it may still apply in certain types of personal injury cases.


这一原则的实际意义在于,如果被告意识到原告所处的险情,或虽未意识但若施以合理的注意即可意识到的,则其在事实上就有最后的机会以避免损害事故的发生。例如:甲为一司机,乙为一行人,醉躺于道路中央。甲有充分的时间了望并实际看到了乙,但甲因疏于注意开车将乙压伤。在此例中,乙的行为构成与有过失,但对甲的责任而言并非必然关键,因为甲有最后的明确的机会,可以避免事故的发生。这一原则通常作为与有过失的抗辩,适用于那些认为与有过失构成原告请求损害赔偿之阻却事由的法域。亦作「discovered-peril doctrine; humanitarian doctrine; last-opportunity doctrine; subsequent-negligence doctrine; supervening-negligence doctrine」


以下为相关双语示例:

According to the last--clear-chance doctrine, a negligent plaintiff may recover damages if they can show that the defendant had the last clear chance to avoid the accident.

根据最后避损机会原则,有过失的原告如能证明被告拥有避免事故的最后避损机会的,可以得到赔偿。

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