在上世纪，chartered bank常音译为“渣打银行”，而现在所说的“渣打银行”一般特指Standard Chartered Bank，chartered bank则译为“特许银行”。

Investopedia给出的英文释义如下：

A chartered bank is a financial institution (FI) whose primary roles are to accept and safeguard monetary deposits from individuals and organizations, as well as to lend money out. Chartered bank specifics vary from country to country. However, in general, a chartered bank in operation has obtained a form of government permission to do business in the financial services industry. A chartered bank is often associated with a commercial bank.

大概意思是说，特许银行是一种金融机构（FI），其主要职责是接受和保管个人和组织的货币存款，以及放贷。特许银行的具体情况因国家而异。然而，一般来说，正在运营的特许银行已获得政府许可，从事金融服务行业的业务。特许银行通常与商业银行有关。

特许银行提供当今经济所需的核心金融中介服务。 个人可以轻松地将资金存入特许银行内的各种类型的账户，从临时储蓄中赚取利息。 特许银行保持货币浮动，以便处理客户的日常交易，但它们将大部分存款贷给个人和商业借款人，以刺激经济增长。

目前，排名前十的特许银行有：

参考

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/charteredbank.asp